Trauma-Informed Care · Wilmington, NC
Trauma Education & Resources
Understanding Trauma: Evidence-Based Information for Our Community
What Is Trauma?
Dictionary Definition
Trauma (noun):
- A deeply distressing or disturbing experience.
- A physical injury or wound caused by external force or violence.
— Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Clinical Definition
According to the American Psychological Association (APA), trauma is “an emotional response to a terrible event like an accident, rape, or natural disaster. Immediately after the event, shock and denial are typical. Longer-term reactions include unpredictable emotions, flashbacks, strained relationships, and even physical symptoms.”
(Source: APA Dictionary of Psychology)
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defines trauma as “an event, series of events, or set of circumstances that is experienced by an individual as physically or emotionally harmful or life threatening and that has lasting adverse effects on the individual’s functioning and mental, physical, social, emotional, or spiritual well-being.”
(Source: CDC - Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs))
Distinguishing Stress, Trauma, and Related Conditions
Stress:
A normal physical and emotional response to life’s demands or challenges. Stress can be acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term), but typically resolves when the stressor is removed. (Example: Job interview anxiety, exam stress)
Acute Stress Disorder (ASD):
A mental health condition that can develop within days to weeks after experiencing a traumatic event. Symptoms are similar to PTSD but last from 3 days to 1 month.
(Source: NIMH - Acute Stress Disorder)
Trauma:
A response to a distressing event or series of events that overwhelms an individual’s ability to cope. Trauma can result from a single incident (e.g., accident, assault) or ongoing situations (e.g., abuse, neglect).
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD):
A psychiatric disorder that can occur in people who have experienced or witnessed a traumatic event. Symptoms last longer than one month and include intrusive thoughts, avoidance, changes in mood and arousal.
(Source: SAMHSA - Trauma and Violence)
Types of Trauma
Physical Trauma
Injury to the body caused by external force (e.g., accidents, violence, falls).
Emotional & Psychological Trauma
Harm caused by distressing experiences that affect thoughts, feelings, and mental health (e.g., abuse, loss, witnessing violence).
| Aspect | Physical Trauma | Emotional / Psychological Trauma |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | Injury to the body (e.g., fracture, wound) | Injury to the mind/emotions (e.g., abuse, loss) |
| Causes | Accidents, violence, falls, sports injuries, etc. | Abuse, neglect, disasters, loss, witnessing violence |
| Symptoms | Pain, bruising, bleeding, swelling, limited mobility | Anxiety, depression, panic, flashbacks, emotional numbness |
| Treatment | Medical intervention, surgery, rehabilitation | Psychotherapy, trauma-focused interventions, support groups |
| Long-Term Effects | Chronic pain, disability | PTSD, relationship issues, substance use, health problems |
Common Trauma-Related Conditions
- Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
- Acute Stress Disorder (ASD)
- Adjustment Disorders
- Complex PTSD
- Dissociative Disorders
- Depression & Anxiety Disorders
Learn More & Find Support
Explore these trusted resources for more information, education, and support:
Frequently Asked Questions
Is trauma only about “big” events?
Can trauma affect my body?
Is recovery possible?
Need Help Now?
If you are in crisis or need immediate support, call or text 988 (Suicide & Crisis Lifeline) or visit your nearest emergency room.
Empowering you with knowledge, hope, and healing.
This page is for education and resource navigation only. For personalized support, please contact our clinical team or schedule an appointment.